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fVBVRS4jig9JAQOwNDlZe3xxGk+HBxWDfl9ckBn0cRgyiJUpu+ru2e7e0cCWWmNjCIrg4P/XVu7wQzaiwxtJ4ai+pc98Sd3x6m9NypV6mw9fJeHqs+EO07jtTzQ7vuVYW0yysF/0/gWt05qtMgj2lh0YoSh4OAtAV4jnINn1dh3yDVnYEheXe0V3pOXpPt6IM7v1lBc4BlSxim1eDwgy/WfsYxlok0BPiV2SRK6IUAXdtXkPmAOxdgyv3f72tT8IoG3Mey80whPr3qO93lfWNNtKDarzufoZZ9AnVr28OWJXr3xeDvnulF8PKiPCl7EJ45Vu3YDnZlrntnvIu4QZkPFdksbb5aphnWeMc8OnF4OGKxG+zzjTPO6YTtDK3Qd43ygqLqzn1KZYq23DRTfqIEn0qM2DaUNyyf3N5E1aakPCF7GCwxbbRe2N3zFqPpPmDo/njgyntruc4H+Y3WepOETk6Qjo9owfLeogeb1E/JKIDoI06FYm+L80PZgOb8MSC5peogca/UhteZ7ba5HKYjLPyyos58XzgjqKCMECEMauEIEOQu3PQca8jz8ZwH3HzyrW7ur7GBkmXjIl/OMNOt5hZwQHhOJ4eL2YK/8KtUkK6LmM7bs21cUb8o9bt0qfGtwhuDmDwxkq3Jhg7rGjcQXZffFcdokGCEpCxMcamI7f2AgMx9eE4382lHcI0k4cZgfVwpn4E1fCj7T5l7EsOq2YwOb7TTVy+Nyg78lCOKUZMynBEIY1/I6Rbd2OjC4Z7x6p8F4k1s8JvZ1Qvy++3n5uoBnWNCOAUNoxzHuSxy5ELJMOixV7DCOVYqMJY8xffQ7uUG4kccHyq15BlxJH3MSa2HEh7d77SKmwvreuZbtjanNlxvX1ixxORzIwsRG8MKp4kuJYhShCtHlwO5zb4Piqj3atfvKXgb0ThXlSoehMLYNsiFPDPDnPLHb0Au9qpCdZsg6WdV7IosRjwuUP35LzmzrYUQ1Iy8srzMPbiY4WyWx3yyl7bowUTNV1lLkfrQN+tL84i0DmUTB3YtnksI7gvKa4XwPSsMHAwsSYtP6eW/MgCLFJkwz3uvzrGq6fm7eIxR74xoLRxuLYVGJRIJCeLt7NnlZwBvVsHPFwd1uyL6K5Urxiku8sRTgqdolfFfcZ3CnlzcEsrhyZkwoJmFdHAgnivlCszroS6KhAT1D4HRZCfqSBwejl7EMyWsY6oSmjD64XsjWRpyXa1+HhKjyR0StC6pg35Lr24+uZqTxBd3APNLEsg9+4EFP654Le7WWHSsRns8LGFwSmSWUFVIXBRIVg/okxYuvCWRE19o82xK8MeC9NkgZIon1HztqPoayCfj6sNbIIV4XMOArgzLg2lzjS4bDeaqCesaZROLCwgDndAMYSCbl/gwp7Mr1P9YmVYooGXoPQNx20Fg7LzC7d3nz3sGjAzUXuFaPeTZag42MzVOFI/3wNvG+U4qsi0trDZe3cQ/Jb1+2WLckMpP3pq2LEdVBw5MBL+FtdrTKDHWexGDCcwO7WCLlvybAKzwZTy4qYxw4713JykYqexxRaz4JgjHpLHR5Ln2vb/eXtvueW2XiMv68eac+f0JTZkjaDFXFqpBC3LV7b8n1MKR4FY9ACcJe6M6TbTGgcD4tcGxTvzm3l8ikn2gGujK/vFiZpjTz1cc7/fokDF9dbjdPwUWeC9ldA9mtypmaDC8JB0mHFx7cKWJHvTsU/XxMsPOSiORRBe2w7zwD0gt/2piVQLir63rxMUCCqaS3NtdHBDxRtdEf06xPKYYubMjCSWNknTc2yXySBt7DK77KKJgRK6VMasd43w6BZFAG1m9a4Uw5HyNswEp7H7nL/LLp/gEKeWGAwNcGouG5gSwvvGzCJYEkshQMhRE+2enDq5Rn5XE+k20ORJP6j7EJ7jbPLSayE9c/OpDFCMM67/I6kzHcWQGuuSooI/pa4/1Zgqf2DXzlcKJRSyqDZEIG8KvmZCxHqqcH9wvGMm/N4/l1nR68Hh8vt3lQSq3FOzbaWmwoz5w19pzljD/eK80ycYUeoyFiIckzlwKZjVJC94zga20BK/lVu/HQW1tsFiPjN5sofCU4BnLeXxvwcKconMnrbVbp+q5bU0/K1Rl5mFTcU1p4fDx4WyBkNgZb2mJW8itcZPBdOksiddlTyOG1sdMJ469uRqBHTw28/pkBykAnVX7wWFBK1Xl3TG9tjqzLwdgpplP1279UojwrqC820xQatut/YYD3kLTyQMhuDBTcuBSxKz8+G/j44Ozs+CiMechXOgNZ8KcCfKiQl2nRwEmBRLDIR4fadPRzj2/fNNs2glCleJ0gLIhCPECYXxMID3x1r0Bdyfi87z2dIbzDOzYEMiju8Y3QqePaAIfybMkEh/FU4ed00W/SSu4ZW5Ig5hOyxwTohCfi0c2Bs7iqwgbWx4L22v/sD+6zKCHIoEuB0OrPszTSBwf2pF6LV5gf0NR24sBZKwEjMrixDwn0Y1SLFmZCHV8NPZ2xJSFn+lnhaNwHB/u0ubfLDyVODfAaot4zuFNgV5UeRwV2+oaRhQpXIc24jlhCsWqz8qJ+UTzPWAzGk1CA+dWKY+Pr56gmCoS1aFEG4UrcjKeP7yfYnteyMaJelA9xFw8hDwh4JuOdHszzGvzLy74aqE+JpLKhtS+igxBesz0NNja3EBZ2VwdjGQ9Hvj/AScodwkOdBBhk3TYs6MD0lVAYy+mjajZZ/ORAHcrAZUybwxvPD9AFz/1fK5SzkIMChbfQcaoQqr04cTA0w9anpm1ZlM9qK81IypfhuVVxTg+f4JRMksr/GeEFvIIBnYVvrihbvtyMaEP+X4mz5ym3wIrXtnG2i4f9FydKxLb0H2MFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" /></td> <td> <p style="font-size:1.4em;">United Nations</p> </td> <td> <p> <span style="font-size:2em;">CCPR</span>/C/SWZ/CO/1</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p style="font-weight:bold;font-size:1.7em;">International Covenant on Civil and Political R ights</p> </td> <td> <p>Distr.: General</p> <p>23 August 2017</p> <p>Original: English</p> </td> </tr> </table> <div class="content"> <p style="font-weight:bold;font-size:1.2em;">Human Rights Committee</p> <h2 style="font-weight:bold;">Concluding observations on Swaziland in the absence of a report *</h2> <p>1.In the absence of a report by the State party, the Human Rights Committee considered the situation of civil and political rights under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in Swaziland at its 3382nd and 3383rd meetings (CCPR/C/SR.3382 and CCPR/C/SR.3383), held in a public session on 7 and 10 July 2017. In accordance with rule 70, paragraph 1, of the Committee s rules of procedure, the failure of a State party to submit its report under article 40 of the Covenant may lead to an examination in a public session of the measures taken by the State party to give effect to the rights recognized in the Covenant and to adopt concluding observations.</p> <p>2.At its 3405th meeting, held on 25 July 2017, the Human Rights Committee adopted the following concluding observations.</p> <h3>A.Introduction</h3> <p>3.The Covenant came into force for Swaziland on 26 March 2004. The State party was under an obligation to submit its initial report by 26 April 2005, under article 40 (1) (a) of the Covenant. The Committee regrets that the State party has failed to honour its reporting obligations under article 40 of the Covenant and that, despite numerous reminders, the State party has not submitted the initial report.</p> <p>4.The Committee nevertheless expresses appreciation for the opportunity to engage in a constructive dialogue with the State party s high-level delegation on the implementation of the Covenant. The Committee is grateful to the State party for its written replies (CCPR/C/SWZ/Q/1/Add.1) to the list of issues (CCPR/C/SWZ/Q/1), which were supplemented by oral responses by the delegation.</p> <p>5.In the light of the detailed replies to the Committee s list of issues (CCPR/C/SWZ/Q/1/Add.1)which the State party submitted in writing and the constructive dialogue that the Committee had with a high-level delegation of the State party, the Committee considers the written replies as the initial report of the State party and requests that the State party submit a common core document in order to facilitate future discussions. </p> <h3>B.Positive aspects</h3> <p>6.The Committee welcomes the following legislative and institutional measures taken by the State party:</p> <p>(a)The enactment of the Constitution, in 2005;</p> <p>(b) The establishment of the Commission on Human Rights and Public Administration, in 2009;</p> <p>(c)The enactment of the Children s Protection and Welfare Act, in 2012;</p> <p>(d)The enactment of the People Trafficking and People Smuggling (Prohibition) Act, in 2009; </p> <p>(e)The amendment of the Deeds Registry Act, in 2012;</p> <p>(f)The enactment of the Prevention of Corruption Act, in 2006.</p> <p>7.The Committee also welcomes the ratification of, or accession to, the following international instruments by the State party:</p> <p>(a)The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol, on 24 September 2012; </p> <p>(b)The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict, on 24 September 2012.</p> <h3>C.Principal matters of concern and recommendations</h3> <h3>Status of the Covenant under domestic law</h3> <p>8.While noting that treaties do not automatically have the force of law in the State party, the Committee regrets that the Covenant has not yet been incorporated into domestic law and can therefore not be invoked directly before national courts. The Committee is also concerned that relevant stakeholders lack sufficient knowledge of the Covenant. While the Committee welcomes the State party s intention to ratify the Optional Protocol, it regrets that it could not provide a timeline for it (art. 2).</p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">9. The State party should ensure that all provisions of the Covenant are given full effect in domestic law and redouble its efforts to raise awareness about the Covenant among judges, lawyers, prosecutors and the public at large. The Committee invites the State party to proceed to the ratification of the Optional Protocol without further delay.</p> <h3>Harmonization of domestic laws </h3> <p>10.While noting the delegation s explanation that both customary and common law are subject to the authority of the Constitution and that the courts apply the set of laws that  best gives effect to the rights set forth in the Constitution , the Committee remains concerned that the presence of several conflicting sets of laws impedes the efficient implementation of the provisions of the Constitution. It is also concerned about reports that courts do not subject customary law to the Constitution in practice (art. 2).</p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">11. Recalling its general comment No. 31 (2004) on the nature of the general legal obligation imposed on States parties to the Covenant, the Committee reminds the State party of its obligation under article 2 (2) of the Covenant to ensure that its domestic law, and in particular its organic laws, are consistent with the provisions of the Covenant. The State party should take measures, by establishing a law reform commission or otherwise, to systematically harmonize customary law and common law with the Constitution and ensure that they are in line with the provisions of the Covenant. The State party should also ensure that judges, prosecutors and lawyers across the country, including in traditional courts, are trained with regard to the primacy of the Constitution.</p> <h3>Access to remedies </h3> <p>12.The Committee is concerned about the immunities from the Constitution and judicial oversight enjoyed by, inter alia, the monarchy and chieftaincies. The Committee is also concerned about reports that persons who have been forcibly evicted, in particular from land vested in trust for the Swazi nation, have not had access to prompt and adequate compensation, in spite of the constitutional guarantees in place. </p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">13. The State party should ensure that the Constitution is applicable and effective remedies are available with respect to all persons within its jurisdiction. It should also ensure that persons evicted