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/></td> <td> <p style="font-size:1.4em;">United Nations</p> </td> <td> <p> <span style="font-size:2em;">CRC</span>/C/NOR/CO/5-6</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p style="font-weight:bold;font-size:2em;">Convention on the Rights of the Child</p> </td> <td> <p>Distr.: General</p> <p>4 July 2018</p> <p>Original: English</p> </td> </tr> </table> <div class="content"> <p style="font-weight:bold;font-size:1.2em;">Committee on the Rights of the Child</p> <h2 style="font-weight:bold;">Concluding observations on the combined fifth and sixth periodic reports of Norway *</h2> <h2>I.Introduction</h2> <p>1.The Committee considered the combined fifth and sixth periodic reports of Norway (CRC/C/NOR/5-6) at its 2296th and 2297th meetings (see CRC/C/SR.2296 and 2297), held on 23 and 24 May 2018, and adopted the present concluding observations at its 2310th meeting, held on 1 June 2018. </p> <p>2.The Committee welcomes the submission of the combined fifth and sixth periodic reports of the State party and the written replies to the list of issues (CRC/C/NOR/Q/5-6/Add.1), which allowed for a better understanding of the situation of children s rights in the State party. The Committee expresses appreciation for the constructive dialogue held with the high-level and multisectoral delegation of the State party. </p> <h2>II.Follow-up measures taken and progress achieved by the State party</h2> <p>3.The Committee welcomes the progress achieved by the State party in various areas, including the ratification of or accession to international instruments, in particular the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (3 June 2013) and the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (27 June 2013). The Committee notes with appreciation the legislative, institutional and policy measures adopted to implement the Convention, in particular the introduction of a provision on children s rights into the Constitution (2014), the new Equality and Anti-Discrimination Act (2018), amendments to the Education Act (2017) and the Giant Leap Programme, aimed at implementing the Convention at the local level. It further welcomes the efforts made to increase gender equality and combat discrimination against children in various categories. </p> <h2>III.Main areas of concern and recommendations</h2> <p>4.The Committee reminds the State party of the indivisibility and interdependence of all the rights enshrined in the Convention and emphasizes the importance of all the recommendations contained in the present concluding observations. The Committee would like to draw the State party s attention to the recommendations concerning the following areas, in respect of which urgent measures must be taken: independent monitoring (para. 8); non-discrimination (para. 12); sexual exploitation and abuse (para. 18); children deprived of a family environment (para. 21); mental health (para. 26); and asylum-seeking and refugee children (para. 32). </p> <h3>A.General measures of implementation (arts. 4, 42 and 44 (6))</h3> <h3>Comprehensive policy and strategy </h3> <p style="font-weight:bold;">5. While noting with appreciation the services provided by local authorities, the Committee recommends that the State party increase its efforts to eliminate regional disparities in the provision of services, and that any plans or measures to increase the autonomy of local authorities be accompanied by clear guidelines to ensure that services are of equally high quality throughout the State party.</p> <h3>Allocation of resources</h3> <p style="font-weight:bold;">6. With reference to its general comment No. 19 (2016) on public budgeting for the realization of children  s rights, the Committee recommends that the State party:</p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">(a) Conduct a comprehensive assessment of the budget needs for children, with a particular emphasis on children in vulnerable and marginalized situations;</p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">(b) Allocate adequate budgetary resources, in accordance with article 4 of the Convention;</p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">(c) Significantly strengthen its efforts to ensure that each municipality is allocated the necessary funds to meet its obligations with regard to implementing children  s rights;</p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">(d) Allocate earmarked funds to local authorities instead of block grants in order to ensure that funds intended for the implementation of children  s rights are adequately used for their intended purpose.</p> <h3>Independent monitoring </h3> <p>7.The Committee welcomes the establishment in 2015 of a national human rights institution and its compliance with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles). It also welcomes the additional funds allocated to the Ombudsman for Children. It is concerned, however, about the absence of any institution mandated to receive complaints about violations of the rights of the child. </p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">8. With reference to its general comment No. 2 (2002) on the role of independent national human rights institutions in the promotion and protection of the rights of the child, and in line with its previous recommendations (CRC/C/NOR/CO/4, para. 14), the Committee recommends that the State party take measures to ensure that the Ombudsman for Children and/or the national human rights institution are entrusted with the mandate to receive, investigate and address complaints by children, in all areas that concern them, in a child-sensitive manner.</p> <h3>Data collection</h3> <p style="font-weight:bold;">9. The Committee, while welcoming the availability of disaggregated data on a significant number of issues, encourages the State party to increase its efforts to ensure that its data-collection system allows for the collection of disaggregated data related to all areas of the Convention. In this regard, the Committee recommends that the State party disaggregate data by ethnicity, as the absence of such data prevents the State party from gaining the knowledge needed to measure discrimination based on ethnicity and develop measures to overcome it, in particular regarding children exposed to intersecting forms of discrimination.</p> <h3>Dissemination, awareness-raising and training</h3> <p style="font-weight:bold;">10. The Committee notes with appreciation the efforts undertaken to provide training on the Convention to relevant professionals. However, given that the training provided still does not fully cover all professional groups and is not systematic, and that knowledge of the rights of the child among relevant professional groups remains insufficient, the Committee, in line with its previous recommendations (CRC/C/NOR/CO/4, para. 18), recommends that:</p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">(a) Instruction on the Convention be a part of school curricula at all levels;</p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">(b) The State party continue and strengthen the systematic dissemination of relevant information to and training of all professional groups working for and with children, including personnel of childcare institutions, health personnel, social workers and law enforcement officials;</p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">(c) Awareness of children  s rights be increased in policymaking bodies and municipal administrations. </p> <h3>B.General principles (arts. 2, 3, 6 and 12)</h3> <h3>Non-discrimination</h3> <p>11.The Committee, while welcoming the progress made by the State party in enacting legislation to tackle discrimination against children, notes with concern that: </p> <p>(a)Girls are sometimes represented in an oversexualized and objectifying manner in the media;</p> <p>(b)Children with an immigrant background are exposed to discrimination and often face difficulties at school, which teaching staff are insufficiently trained to address; </p> <p>(c)Children who do not conform to gender stereotypes are subjected to discrimination, bullying and intimidation, and violence.</p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">12. The Committee recommends that the State party:</p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">(a) Allocate resources for research into the root causes and possible impact of oversexualized representations of girls in the media and the possible connections between sexualization and pornography and the root causes of gender-based violence, in particular in relation to girls, in line with the recommendation by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW/C/NOR/CO/9, para. 23 (c));</p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">(b) Research and develop specific measures on how to address the particular difficulties and discrimination faced by many children with an immigrant background, and train teachers accordingly, and include the results of the ongoing survey on the living conditions of Norwegian-born children of immigrant parents in its seventh periodic report to the Committee;</p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">(c) Develop a new plan of action for promoting gender equality and preventing ethnic discrimination;</p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">(d) Take awareness-raising measures to foster tolerance and openness about non-conformity with gender stereotypes and the harmful effects of social pressure, targeting the public at large, in addition to awareness-raising campaigns specifically targeting children.</p> <h3>Best interests of the child</h3> <p style="font-weight:bold;">13. The Committee, with reference to its general comment No. 14 (2013) on the right of the child to have his or her best interests taken as a primary consideration, recommends that the State party strengthen its efforts to:</p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">(a) Establish clear cri