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/></td> <td> <p style="font-size:1.4em;">United Nations</p> </td> <td> <p> <span style="font-size:2em;">CERD</span>/C/CHN/CO/14-17</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p style="font-weight:bold;font-size:1.7em;">International Convention on the Elimination of A ll Forms of Racial Discrimination</p> </td> <td> <p>Distr.: General</p> <p>19 September 2018</p> <p>Original: English</p> </td> </tr> </table> <div class="content"> <p style="font-weight:bold;font-size:1.2em;">Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination </p> <h2 style="font-weight:bold;">Concluding observations on the combined fourteenth to seventeenth periodic reports of China (including Hong Kong, China and Macao, China) *</h2> <p>1.The Committee considered the combined fourteenth to seventeenth periodic reports of China (CERD/C/CHN/14-17), including Hong Kong, China (CERD/C/CHN-HKG/14-17), and Macao, China (CERD/C/CHN-MAC/14-17), at its 2654th and 2655th meetings (see CERD/C/SR.2654 and 2655), held on 10 and 13 August 2018. At its 2672nd, 2673rd, 2674th and 2675th meetings, held on 24, 27 and 28 August 2018, it adopted the present concluding observations.</p> <h3>A.Introduction </h3> <p>2.The Committee welcomes the submission of the fourteenth to seventeenth periodic reports of the State party, while regretting the delay in their submission. The Committee expresses its appreciation for the open and constructive dialogue with the State party s large delegation. It also wishes to thank the delegation for the additional oral and written information provided during the consideration of the report.</p> <h3>B.Positive aspects </h3> <p>3.The Committee welcomes the State party s efforts to amend its legislation, policies, programmes and administrative measures to ensure further the protection of human rights and the implementation of the Convention, including:</p> <p>(a)The second and third National Human Rights Action Plans (2011 2015, 2016 2020);</p> <p>(b)The plan for supporting the development of small population ethnic groups (2011 2015);</p> <p>(c)The repeal of legislation on re-education through labour in 2013; </p> <p>(d)The plan for rural poverty alleviation and development (2011 2020).</p> <p>4.The Committee also welcomes the State party s remarkable achievement in significantly reducing poverty both overall and in the eight multi-ethnic provinces and regions. </p> <p>5.Concerning Hong Kong, China, the Committee welcomes the community outreach programmes aimed at ethnic minorities, and the implementation of the Chinese Language Curriculum Second Language Learning Framework ( Learning Framework ) in primary and secondary schools (2014).</p> <p>6.Concerning Macao, China, the Committee welcomes the adoption of Law 13/2012, the Legal Aid General Regime (2013), extending eligibility for need-based legal aid to, inter alia, those with non-resident worker status. It also welcomes the introduction of article 153-A of the Criminal Code, strengthening protection against trafficking in persons. </p> <h3>C.Concerns and recommendations</h3> <h3>Definition and criminalization of racial discrimination</h3> <p>7.The Committee again reiterates its concern that the domestic legislation of the State party does not contain a definition of racial discrimination in full conformity with article 1 of the Convention. It also reiterates its concern that the State party has not adopted a comprehensive anti-discrimination law. The Committee is concerned that in Hong Kong, China, law enforcement activity does not necessarily fall within the scope of the prohibition on racial discrimination contained in the Race Discrimination Ordinance. The Committee is also concerned that Macao, China does not have a domestic law specifically defining and criminalizing racial discrimination that is fully in line with article 1 of the Convention (arts. 1, 2 and 5) (see A/56/18, paras. 241 242 and CERD/C/CHN/CO/10-13, paras. 10 11). </p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">8. The Committee urges the State party, including Hong Kong, China, and Macao, China, to amend its domestic laws to expressly define and criminalize all forms of racial discrimination in full conformity with article 1 of the Convention, and expressly prohibit both direct and indirect racial discrimination in all fields of public life, including law enforcement and other government powers.</p> <h3>National human rights institutions</h3> <p>9.The Committee is concerned by the absence of formal national human rights institutions in China, including Macao, China, despite the functions fulfilled by the Commission against Corruption in Macao, China. While noting the relevant information provided by the Equal Opportunities Commission and the delegation of Hong Kong, China, the Committee is nevertheless concerned by reports that the Commission, which was assigned a C rating by the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions, is not fully independent and accessible to victims (art. 2).</p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">10. The Committee recommends that the State party, including Macao, China, establish independent national human rights institutions in line with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles). To ensure their effective functioning, the Committee also recommends that the State party, including Hong Kong, China, and Macao, China, provide them with sufficient structural independence and financial and human resources.</p> <h3>Declaration</h3> <p>11.The Committee is concerned by the interpretative declaration applying to Hong Kong, China concerning article 6 of the Convention (arts. 2 and 4).</p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">12. The Committee recommends the withdrawal of the declaration applying to Hong Kong, China concerning article 6 of the Convention.</p> <h3>Administrative and civil complaints on racial discrimination</h3> <p>13.The Committee is concerned by the lack of comprehensive statistics, surveys, administrative records and registers provided by the State party on acts of racial discrimination and related administrative and civil complaints, investigations, procedures and sanctions. In the light of reports of acts of racial discrimination committed in various sectors of public and private life in Hong Kong, China, the Committee expresses its concern at the statement of Hong Kong, China that racial discrimination is not a prevalent or serious problem there. The Committee also notes with concern that the courts in Macao, China did not receive any cases relating to racial discrimination during the reporting period (arts. 2, 5, 6 and 7).</p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">14. The Committee recommends that the State party, including Hong Kong, China and Macao, China, conduct training programmes for government officials and civil servants, including law enforcement officials, on anti-racial discrimination laws and related administrative and civil complaint mechanisms, to ensure that victims are aware of their rights. The Committee requests that it provide in its next periodic reports surveys, administrative records or registers and statistics, disaggregated by ethnic and national origin of the complainant, indicating the number, type and outcome of civil and administrative complaints relating to acts of racial discrimination and submitted to national human rights institutions, courts and other relevant bodies.</p> <h3>Racist hate speech and hate crimes</h3> <p>15.The Committee: </p> <p>(a)Notes the two court cases cited by the State party imposing sanctions for inciting ethnic hatred, and that, between 2015 and June 2018, no criminal complaints were received and no criminal investigations were conducted relating to racial discrimination in Macao, China; </p> <p>(b)Recalls that an absence or a small number of complaints does not signify the absence of racial discrimination or expressions of racial hatred, but may rather indicate that there are barriers to the invoking of the rights in the Convention, including a lack of public awareness of the rights under the Convention; a lack of access to, availability of or confidence in methods for seeking judicial recourse; fear of reprisals; and limited access to the police including due to language barriers or a lack of attention to or sensitivity to cases of racial discrimination; </p> <p>(c)Is concerned by the lack of information on tools made available to assist victims in reporting hate crimes;</p> <p>(d)Is also concerned by reports from Hong Kong, China of negative portrayals and hostile statements in traditional and social media targeting ethnic minorities, in particular South Asians, by inflammatory public statements made against them, and by reports that commensurate action is not consistently taken by the authorities in Hong Kong, China in response to acts of hate speech. In this regard, the Committee notes the absence of statistics provided by Hong Kong, China on sanctions imposed for acts of racist hate speech (arts. 2 and 4).</p> <p style="font-weight:bold;">16. Recalling its general recommendations No. 7 (1985) relating to the implementation of article 4 of the Convention and No. 35 (2013) on combating racist hate